3 infection and response
闪卡自测
Define the term monoclonal antibody. (Higher Tier Only)
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闪卡 1
问题
Define the term monoclonal antibody. (Higher Tier Only)
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答案
Monoclonal antibodies are antibodies that all come from clones of a single white blood cell. They are specific to one antigen.
闪卡 2
问题
Describe the main steps in the production of monoclonal antibodies. (Higher Tier Only)
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答案
The process of producing monoclonal antibodies is as follows:
闪卡 3
问题
What is a hybridoma cell? (Higher Tier Only)
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答案
A hybridoma cell is a cell produced by combining a lymphocyte with a type of tumour cell.
闪卡 4
问题
Define the term lymphocyte.
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答案
A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell involved in the specific immune response.
闪卡 5
问题
Why can monoclonal antibody production be considered unethical? (Higher Tier Only)
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答案
Monoclonal antibody production be considered unethical because:
闪卡 6
问题
True or False? Monoclonal antibodies can bind to specific proteins. (Higher Tier Only)
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答案
True. Monoclonal antibodies can bind to specific proteins because of their specific shape.
闪卡 7
问题
How can monoclonal antibodies be used? (Higher Tier Only)
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答案
Monoclonal antibodies may be used as follows:
闪卡 8
问题
How can monoclonal antibodies be used to indicate pregnancy? (Higher Tier Only)
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答案
Monoclonal antibodies can be used to indicate pregnancy by using them in pregnancy tests. The antibodies bind to a hormone released during pregnancy, known as hCG.
闪卡 9
问题
True or False? Monoclonal antibodies may be attached to fluorescent dyes to aid delivery of drugs to cancer cells. (Higher Tier Only)
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答案
False. Labelling monoclonal antibodies with fluorescent dyes allows them to be used to locate certain cell types or molecules. The use of dyes is not related to the use of monoclonal antibodies in the delivery of cancer drugs.
闪卡 10
问题
Why can monoclonal antibodies be used to identify and destroy cancer cells without harming healthy cells found in the same location? (Higher Tier Only)
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答案
Monoclonal antibodies can be used to identify and destroy cancer cells without harming healthy cells because the antibodies bind to specific proteins that are displayed by cancer cells but not by healthy body cells.
闪卡 11
问题
True or False? Monoclonal antibodies often cause side-effects (Higher Tier Only)
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答案
True. Monoclonal antibodies cause more side-effects than expected, meaning that their medicinal uses are currently limited.