4 2 respiration

Respiration is a chemical reaction carried out in all living organisms to release energy from glucose.

The word equation for aerobic respiration is: glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

The waste products of aerobic respiration are carbon dioxide and water.

The balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

The mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration.

The word equation for anaerobic respiration in animals is: glucose → lactic acid

False. Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen.

The oxygen debt is the oxygen required to remove the build up of lactic acid in muscle cells after anaerobic respiration.

The word equation for anaerobic respiration in plants and fungi is: glucose → alcohol + carbon dioxide

False. Anaerobic respiration involves the incomplete breakdown of glucose into lactic acid which is later broken down further as oxygen becomes available.

Muscles need more oxygen during exercise because there is a greater energy demand due to increased muscle contractions, requiring more aerobic respiration.

The body reacts by increasing breathing rate, breath volume, and heart rate to supply more oxygenated blood to the muscles.

An individual continues to breathe heavily after vigorous exercise to pay off the oxygen debt and remove extra carbon dioxide from the body.

Muscle fatigue during long periods of vigorous activity is caused by increased levels of lactic acid building up in the muscles.

True. Heart rate is usually measured in beats per minute, but if the number of beats in 30 seconds is counted then the number can be doubled to find out the rate in beats per minute.

The body can deal with lactic acid by:

Oxygen debt is the amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells.

Metabolism is the sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body.

Metabolic reactions are powered by energy transferred by respiration in cells.

False. Metabolic reactions are often linked, where the products of one reaction are the reactants for another.

The three main types of molecules involved in metabolic reactions are carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

Glucose is used in the synthesis of starch, glycogen, or cellulose.

A metabolic substrate is a substance that acts as a starting material in metabolic reactions, such as glucose, fatty acids, glycerol, and amino acids.

Fatty acids and glycerol are used in the synthesis of lipids.

In animals, excess proteins are broken down to form urea for excretion.

Triglycerides are formed from one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids.

Cellulose is formed in plants by the conversion of glucose to build and strengthen cell walls.