4 1 natural selection and evolution

False. Darwin and Wallace independently came up with the same ideas relating to evolution.

The theory put forward by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace is the theory of evolution by natural selection.

Impacts of Darwin and Wallace's work on modern biology include:

False. Natural selection can only occur when genetic variation is present. This is why populations with no, or limited, genetic variation are unable to adapt to changes in their environment.

The process of natural selection states that:

Antibiotic resistance is the ability of bacteria to withstand the effects of an antibiotic; bacteria with resistance to a particular antibiotic are more likely to survive when they are exposed to the drug.

True. Random mutations in bacterial DNA can lead to antibiotic resistance, enabling some bacteria to survive antibiotic treatment.

Antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria can arise by natural selection as follows:

The development of antibiotic resistance provides support for Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection because it shows natural selection in action during a short time period. Bacteria have a short life cycle, so any favourable characteristics that aid survival are passed on very quickly, allowing natural selection to be observed.

False. The fossil Ardi is 4.4 million years old, so provides information about human evolution 4-5 million years ago.

Differences between Ardi and modern humans include:

Ardi is similar to modern humans in that the evidence suggests that Ardi walked upright:

The fossil Lucy is 3.2 million years old.

The evidence that Lucy evolved more recently than Ardi includes:

False. The 1.6 million year old skeleton found by Richard Leakey was discovered in Kenya, so provides evidence that humans evolved in Africa.

The age of stone tools can be determined as follows:

Stone tools show how human-like ancestral species have become more intelligent over evolutionary time; more recent tools tend to be more advanced, indicating the evolution of more complex brain function.

The type of structure is the pentadactyl limb.

The pentadactyl limb provides evidence for evolution by natural selection because pentadactyl limbs in different species that are adapted for very different purposes all share the same basic structure. This indicates that they have all evolved from a common ancestor.

The three domains are:

False. The three domains system is based on information from chemical analysis, e.g. DNA sequencing.

DNA analysis has led to the three domains system because it has shown that the DNA of the archaea is more similar to the DNA of the eukaryotes than it is to the rest of the prokaryotes.