7 3 synthetic and natural polymers

Polymers are very large molecules formed from many small molecules called monomers linking together.

The process of making polymers is called polymerisation.

Monomers in a polymer are connected via covalent bonds.

A monomer is a small molecule that can be reacted together in a polymerisation process to form a polymer.

Addition polymerisation is a type of polymerisation in which monomers are added to form a polymer chain without the loss of any molecules.

The name of the polymer formed from the following alkene would be (poly)propene.

X is the repeating unit.

The repeat unit for the monomer, butene is:

The monomer is:

False. Poly(ethene) is an addition polymer formed from ethene monomers.

Condensation polymers are formed when different monomers with two functional groups are linked together with the removal of a small molecule, usually water.

In addition polymerisation, only the polymer molecule is formed. In condensation polymerisation, the polymer molecule and one water molecule per linkage are formed.

The monomers have two functional groups present, one on each end.

An example of a condensation polymer is a polyester made from ethanediol and hexanedioic acid.

For every ester linkage formed in condensation polymerisation, one molecule of water is formed from the combination of a -H and an -OH group.

A polyester is a type of condensation polymer formed by the reaction between a dicarboxylic acid and a diol, with the elimination of water molecules.

A dicarboxylic acid is a carboxylic acid with two -COOH groups, one at each end of the molecule.

A diol is an alcohol with two -OH groups, one at each end of the molecule.

An ester linkage is the functional group formed when a carboxylic acid and an alcohol react, with the elimination of water.

X is an ester linkage.

Amino acids contain the amine -NH2 and carboxylic acid -COOH functional groups.

Polypeptides / proteins are formed from amino acid monomers.

True. Polypeptides are examples of condensation polymers.

False. There are approximately 20 amino acids.

The link formed between amino acids monomers is a peptide link.

False. Amino acids have two different functional groups in a molecule

Polypeptides are formed when amino acids with two different functional groups react by condensation polymerisation.

The shape of DNA is called a double helix.

Sugars are the type of monomer that make up starch.

The monomers that make up DNA are called nucleotides.

True. DNA encodes for genetic information for the development of living organisms.

DNA has a double helix structure consisting of two polymer chains made up of nucleotides.

Natural polymers include:

False. ** Cellulose is made from sugar** monomers.

Starch and cellulose are both condensation polymers.

Amino acid monomers make up proteins.