characteristics of living organisms

An autotroph is an organism that can produce its own food for energy.

The primary photosynthetic pigment in photosynthesis is chlorophyll.

A heterotroph is an organism that obtains its energy and nutrients by consuming other organisms.

Plants use sunlight as their primary source of energy for photosynthesis.

Respiration is the biochemical process carried out in all living organisms, where cells release energy from glucose molecules.

False. Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen and anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen.

Excretion is the process of removing waste products produced by metabolic activities from an organism.

The term which describes a plant's response to light is phototropism.

Sensitivity refers to an organism's ability to detect and respond to stimuli in its environment.

Movement is any action causing a change in position or place by an organism.

A eukaryotic organism is an organism whose cells contain membrane-bound organelles including a nucleus.

False. Prokaryotic organisms do not contain a nucleus.

True. Eukaryotic organisms include protoctists, animals, plants and fungi

A prokaryotic organism is an organism whose cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Animals are multicellular, lack cellulose cell walls, lack chloroplasts, and have nervous coordination, among other traits.

Fungi store carbohydrates as glycogen.

Plants are multicellular, have cell walls made of cellulose, contain chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and store carbohydrates as starch or sucrose.

Protoctists are a diverse group of microscopic single-celled eukaryotic organisms that may have features resembling animal or plant cells.

The feeding method of fungi is known as saprotrophic nutrition.

True. Some protoctists perform photosynthesis, while others obtain energy from organic substances.

True. Prokaryotic organisms are always single-celled.

A prokaryotic organism is a single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

A plasmid is a small circular loop of DNA found in prokaryotic cells.

False. Bacteria lack a nucleus but contain a circular chromosome of DNA.

Bacteria are microscopic, single celled organisms that have a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and plasmids. They lack mitochondria, a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

A saprobiont is an organism that feeds on dead organic matter.

False. Bacteria do not contain any internal membrane-bound structures, so do not have chloroplasts.

Examples of bacteria include** *Lactobacillus (used in yogurt production) and Pneumococcus *(causing pneumonia).

*Lactobacillus bulgaricus *is used to make yoghurt.

A typical bacterial cell consists of a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and a circular chromosome of DNA.

False. Viruses are not considered living organisms because they do not carry out all life processes for themselves.

A pathogen is any microorganism that causes disease in another organism.

Examples include bacteria, fungi, protoctists, and viruses.

False. Influenza is caused by a virus.

AIDS is Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome associated with HIV-positive patients who are susceptible to opportunistic infections due to a weakened immune system.

False. Viral particles are smaller than bacteria and can only reproduce inside living cells.

*Plasmodium *is a protoctist that causes malaria in humans.

Viruses can only reproduce inside living host cells. The virus derives benefits while the relationship harms the host.

HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, which can lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).

TMV is a plant pathogen that infects various plants, including tobacco, by preventing chloroplast formation and consequently limiting photosynthesis.