1 1 solids liquids and gases

True. The three states of matter are solids, liquids and gases.

Kinetic theory explains the differences in physical properties of solids, liquids, and gases by referring to the arrangement and motion of particles.

Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance.

True. Solids have a fixed volume and shape.

In solids, particles vibrate in position but can't change location. In liquids, particles move and slide past each other.

True. Liquids have a higher density than gases.

Compressibility means that gases can be compressed into a smaller volume due to the large amount of space between particles.

The state of matter which has particles with the highest energy is gas.

False. Solids and liquids have particles that are close together.

The states of matter with randomly arranged particles are:

The state of matter that has particles that are not free to move is:

False. Particles in a liquid have restricted movement and move around each other. Gas particles move quickly in all directions.

The interconversion that takes place when a liquid becomes a solid is called freezing.

Boiling is when a liquid changes into a gas at a constant temperature.

The type of energy that allows particles to move in the liquid state is kinetic energy.

False. Energy is released when a gas changes into a liquid.

Melting is when a solid changes into a liquid.

True. There is no difference between the melting point and freezing point.

Freezing is when a liquid changes into a solid.

When a solid turns to a liquid, the forces of attraction are overcome or broken.

Condensation is when a gas changes into a liquid, usually on cooling.

Interconversion of state is the change of matter from one state to another due to changes in temperature or pressure.

Evaporation is when a liquid changes into a gas.

The melting and boiling point of pure water are:

False. Evaporation occurs over a range of temperatures below the boiling point of a liquid.

During melting, particles absorb thermal energy which is converted into kinetic energy, allowing them to move more freely.

Boiling point is the specific temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas.

The larger the surface area, the more quickly a liquid can evaporate.

The flat sections on heating and cooling curves represent changes of state.

The cooling curve with solid, liquid and gas labels:

False. From left to right, the labels should be solid, solid/liquid, liquid, liquid/gas and gas.

As temperature increases, the volume of a gas increases.

False. The density of a gas decreases as its volume increases.

As pressure increases, the volume of a gas decreases, and vice versa.

In terms of gases, pressure is the force exerted by gas particles colliding with the walls of their container.

An increase in temperature causes gas particles to move faster.

True. Gaseous particles are in constant and random motion.

When volume decreases, the frequency of particle collisions with container walls increases.

Kinetic energy, in relation to gas particles, is the energy of motion possessed by the particles.

When temperature increases, gas particles move faster and spread out more.

True. The pressure can be increased by:

Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

True. Diffusion provides evidence for the kinetic theory of matter.

False. Diffusion in liquids is slower than in gases because the particles in a liquid are closely packed together and move more slowly.

True. The particles can easily mix together because the water and potassium manganate (VII) particles are moving randomly and the particles can slide over each other

True. Bromine is red-brown as a gas.

Diffusion occurs in gases and liquids.

After diffusion is complete, the concentration of particles is evenly spread, throughout the available space.

False. At the same temperature, gases with different molecular masses diffuse at different rates.

Gases with lower molecular mass diffuse faster than gases with higher molecular mass.

A concentration gradient is the difference in concentration of particles between two areas / places.

False. Diffusion happens spontaneously and does not require energy input.