1 6 ionic bonding

An ion is an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of electrons.

True. Ions form to obtain a full outer shell of electrons.

Anions are negative ions.

Anions are formed when atoms gain electrons.

False. Cations are formed by atoms losing electrons.

Metals lose electrons to other atoms.

Non-metals gain electrons to obtain a full outer shell of electrons.

Metals usually form cations / positive ions.

Cations are positively charged because:

A sulfur atom gains 2 electrons to become a sulfide ion, S2-.

The charge of a Group 2 ion is 2+.

True. Group 1 elements form positive 1+ ions.

The formula of a lithium ion is Li+.

False. Aluminium and other Group 3 elements form positive 3+ ions.

The formula of the sulfate ion is SO42-.

The charge of the oxide ion is 2-.

The charge of a Group 7 ion is 1-.

False. Group 7 elements form 1- ions.

Group 5 of the Periodic Table forms 3- ions.

The formula of the carbonate ion is CO32-.

The formulas of the hydrogen and nitrate ions are:

True. Copper, iron and zinc can form 2+ ions.

False. The formula of the ammonium ion is NH4+.

False. The formula for aluminum sulfate is Al2(SO4)3.

The ions in calcium chloride are Ca2+ and Cl-.

The formula for the compound formed from Fe3+ and O2- is Fe2O3.

True. The formula for ammonium phosphate is (NH4)3PO4.

To balance charges for ionic compounds, multiply the ions by numbers such that the sum of charges is 0.

The name of Na2CO3 is sodium carbonate.

True. Ionic compound formulae are calculated by balancing the charges of the ions.

The formulas of the compounds formed from the following pairs of ions are:

The formula of an ionic compound shows the ratio of the ions present in the compound, balanced by their charges.

False. Ammonium nitrate is made from NH4+ and NO3-. Take care with numbers of atoms and charges.

A dot and cross diagram shows the transfer of electrons between atoms to form ions in an ionic bond.

True. Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons between atoms.

In the formation of sodium chloride, the sodium atom loses an electron.

In the formation of magnesium oxide, the magnesium atom loses two electrons.

True. In dot and cross diagrams for exam purposes, you only need to show the outer electrons.

In the formation of an ionic compound, non-metal atoms gain electrons.

When an atom loses electrons, it formed a positively charged ion / cation.

False. When an atom gains electrons, it becomes a negatively charged anion.

When a Group 7 atom reacts with a Group 1 atom, the Group 7 atom: Gains one electron. Becomes negatively charged / becomes a 1- ion.

Ionic compounds are held together by strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

True. Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points due to the strong electrostatic forces holding the ions together.

The structure of ionic compounds is called a giant ionic lattice.

Ionic compounds are usually solid at room temperature.

Electrostatic forces are the attractive (or repulsive) forces between charged particles.

Ionic compounds are soluble in water because they are polar.

In an ionic lattice, electrostatic forces act in all directions.

False. Ionic compounds can conduct electricity when molten or aqueous.

In an ionic solution, the movement of ions allows electrical current to flow.

A giant ionic lattice is a series of positively charged and negatively charged ions arranged in an alternating pattern.