3 2 rates of reaction

Surface area is the exposed area of a solid reactant.

Concentration is the amount of a substance dissolved in a given volume of solution.

True. Increasing surface area increases the rate of reaction.

With an increase in the concentration of a solution, the rate of reaction will increase.

With an increase in temperature, the particles will have more kinetic energy, leading to more frequent and successful collisions, increasing the rate of reaction.

Powdered calcium carbonate has a higher surface area.

The piece of equipment that is required to transfer gas to a measuring cylinder is a delivery tube.

Collision theory explains how rates of reaction depend on the frequency and energy of collisions between reactant particles.

The minimum energy required for reactant particles to undergo a chemical reaction.

True. Increasing the concentration of a solution will increase the number of reactant particles in a given volume, allowing more frequent and successful collisions per second.

Increasing temperature increases the kinetic energy of the particles, leading to more frequent and successful collisions with energy greater than the activation energy.

Increasing the surface area of a solid reactant increases the rate of reaction because more particles are exposed to the other reactant, producing a higher number of collisions per second.

True. As a rule of thumb, for every 10 degree increase in temperature, the rate of reaction approximately doubles

The number of collisions is proportional to the number of particles present.

A successful collision is a collision between reactant particles that leads to the formation of product molecules.

A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being used up itself. It is regenerated at the end of the reactions.

A catalyst speeds up the rate of a reaction by providing an alternative pathway with lower activation energy.

False. Catalysts are not used up in a reaction.

Iron is used as a catalyst in the Haber Process for the production of ammonia.

Transition metals are widely used as catalysts in industrial processes.

False. Although catalysts are not part of the overall reaction, they may be written over the arrow in reaction equations, indicating the conditions.

True. Only small amounts of a catalyst are needed in a reaction as the catalyst is not used up.

You can show that a chemical is a catalyst by:

Enthalpy change is the overall energy change in a chemical reaction.

An exothermic reaction is a reaction where the products have less energy than the reactants. OR Energy is given out to the surroundings.

An endothermic reaction is a reaction where the products have more energy than the reactants. OR Energy is taken in from the surroundings.

True. An endothermic reaction has a positive enthalpy change.

An exothermic reaction has a negative enthalpy change.

Activation energy is the initial increase in energy, from the reactants to the peak of the curve, required to start the reaction.

The symbol for activation energy is Ea.