types and methods of data transmission

Packets are small 'chunks' of data that make up a larger piece of data that has been broken down by the TCP protocol so that it can be transmitted over the internet.

TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol.

The three main components of a packet are header, payload, and trailer.

The actual data being transported in a packet.

A packet's header typically includes the source IP address, destination IP address, and packet number.

The purpose of error checking in packets is to ensure that when a packet is received there is minimal or no corruption of the data.

A bit added to a packet to check that no bits have been flipped from 0 to 1 or vice versa.

A calculation performed on packet data to detect corruption by comparing the result to a stored checksum value.

False. ** Packets can arrive at their destination in any order** and need to be reassembled.

Corruption is where packet data is changed or lost in some way, or data is gained that originally was not in the packet.

Packet switching is a method of sending and receiving data (packets) across a network, the packs of data are sent via different routes.

There are five stages in packet switching.

Routers control the routes taken for each packet and decide which nearby router is closer to the destination device.

False. ** In packet switching, packets can take different routes** to reach the destination.

If a packet does not reach its destination, the receiver can send a resend request to the sender to resend the packet.

One advantage of packet switching in terms of data security is that it's harder to hack an individual's data as each packet contains minimal data and travels through the network separately.

Packet switching is generally faster because each packet finds the quickest way around the network.

When packets arrive at their destination, they are reordered correctly to reconstruct the original data.

False. ** With packet switching, only corrupted packets need to be resent**, not the whole file.

Packet switching improves network efficiency by allowing multiple users to share the same data path.

Data transmission is the process of transferring data from one device to another using a wired or wireless connection.

The two types of wired data transmission are serial and parallel.

A method where a stream of bits is sent in sequence, one after the other.

A method where a stream of bits is sent in sequence, one after the other across multiple wires at the same time.

A skew is caused by data arriving out of order in asynchronous parallel transmission.

False. Parallel transmission is generally faster than serial transmission.

An advantage of serial transmission is that it is more reliable over longer distances.

Simplex transmission is a method where data travels in only one direction.

Half-duplex transmission is a method where data can travel in both directions, but not simultaneously.

Full-duplex transmission is a method where data can travel in both directions at the same time.

USB stands for Universal Serial Bus.

USB uses asynchronous and serial data transmission.

Three types of USB connectors are USB-A, USB-B, and USB-C.

When a device is connected to a USB port, the computer automatically detects the device and loads the appropriate driver.

A device driver is software that allows a device to communicate with the computer.

False. USB cables (except USB-C) can only be connected in one orientation.

The maximum cable length for a standard USB connection is roughly 5 meters.

Backward compatibility in USB means that newer USB standards can work with older USB devices and ports.

The newest USB transmission rate as of 2022 is USB4 2.0 with 80 Gbps.

True. USB can provide power to connected devices.