1 4 covalent bonding

A short straight line between two atoms represents a covalent bond.

False. Simple covalent molecules do not conduct electricity as they do not contain free electrons.

A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where atoms share pairs of electrons with each other.

Intermolecular forces are the weak forces of attraction that exist between individual molecules in a covalent substance.

False. Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons, not transferring them.

The materials that form covalent bonds are non-metals.

The strong electrostatic attraction in covalent compounds is between the shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the atoms involved.

Sharing electrons in the covalent bond allows each atom to achieve an electron configuration similar to a noble gas.

A compound / molecule is formed when a group of two or more atoms covalently bond together.

The attraction between a shared pair of electrons and nuclei.

An atom is typically about 0.1 nanometres in size, which is 0.0000000001 m or 10⁻10 m.

The smallest molecule is hydrogen, H2.

False. Dot and cross diagrams are used to represent only small covalent molecules with a fixed number of atoms.

A simple molecule is a small covalent molecule with a fixed number of atoms, such as H2, Cl2, H2O, NH3, and CH4.

In a dot and cross diagram, dots and crosses represents electrons.

The dot and cross diagram for hydrogen, H2, is:

Diatomic molecules are molecules composed of two atoms, such as H2, Cl2, O2, and N2.

Inorganic compounds are compounds that do not contain carbon AND hydrogen atoms, such as H2O and NH3.

Inorganic compounds that you should be able to draw dot-and-cross diagrams for are:

The dot and cross diagram for hydrogen chloride, HCl, is:

Simple covalent molecules are small and can be separated into individual molecular units without breaking any chemical bonds. Giant covalent structures are huge continuous networks of atoms that cannot be separated into individual units without breaking bonds.

False. You can be expected to draw dot-and-cross diagrams for the the diatomic molecules hydrogen, hydrogen chloride, water, methane, oxygen and carbon dioxide.

The dot and cross diagram for water, H2O, is:

An organic molecule is a simple molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen atoms, such as CH4, C2H6, and C2H4.

Up to 2 carbon atoms can be included in dot-and-cross diagrams (at this level). So, diagrams for methane, ethane, ethene and similar compounds with halogen atoms.

The dot and cross diagram for methane, CH4, is:

False. The correct dot and cross diagram for oxygen is:

The dot and cross diagram for carbon dioxide, CO2, is: