4 2 phobias

A phobia is what type of disorder? a) Affective b) Psychotic c) Anxiety

True or False? Phobias are always based on rational fears.

Which one of the following is not a category of phobia as specified by the DSM-5? a) Intense phobias b) Social phobia c) Specific phobias

A common behavioural characteristic in response to a phobic stimulus is ‎_ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ which tends to result in a state of high ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎_ and anxiety.

Taking steps to not be confronted by the phobic stimulus is an example of the behavioural characteristic of: a) panic b) stress c) avoidance

True or False? Cognitive characteristics of phobias involve raised heart rate, sweating and pupil dilation.

True or False? Selective attention involves the phobic person becoming fixated on the phobic stimulus and unable to draw their attention away from it.

Emotional characteristics of phobias revolve around the primary ‎_ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ _ and emotions experienced in the presence of a phobic ‎_ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ _.

True or False? The phobic person does not realise that  their response is disproportionate to the phobic stimulus.

The ways in which the phobic person processes information about the phobic stimulus is an example of which characteristic of phobias? a) Emotional b) Behavioural c) Cognitive

Which approach is key to understanding the two-process model of phobias?

The two-process model assumes that phobias are learned via ‎_ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ conditioning and maintained via ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ _ conditioning.

Classical conditioning involves the transformation of a neutral stimulus into a: a) unconditioned response b) conditioned stimulus c) conditioned response d) unconditioned stimulus

Operant conditioning involves the role of ‎_ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ _ in behaviour.

True or False? Classical conditioning explains how a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus, e.g., swallowing a button as a child.

The avoidance of a phobic stimulus is an example of: a) negative reinforcement b) positive reinforcement c) vicarious reinforcement

Which study offers research support for the classical conditioning of phobias? a) Zimbardo's prison study b) Rosenhan's 'being sane in insane places' study c) Watson & Rayner's 'Little Albert' study

True or False? The two-process model cannot account for phobias, which may have an evolutionary origin.

True or False? Systematic desensitisation uses the principles of operant conditioning in its treatment of phobias.

Systematic desensitisation takes place over: a) a couple of sessions b) weeks or months c) 1-3 hours

Systematic desensitisation means that the ‎_ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ _ phobic stimulus reverts to being the ‎_ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ _ stimulus again.

Systematic desensitisation involves the use of an: a) emotion scale b) pain indicator c) anxiety hierarchy

How many stages are there in the anxiety hierarchy?

True or False? An example of stage 4 of the anxiety hierarchy could be to 'look at the spider in the glass box'.

‎_ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ exercises help to calm the patient physiologically by slowing down and ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ _ the breath.

A strength of systematic desensitisation is that it is supported by research, which means that it has been shown to be a: a) valid treatment for phobias b) partially successful treatment for phobias c) scientific treatment for phobias

True or False? Some patients may not be able to apply what they have learned to real, everyday situations without guidance from the therapist.

**Systematic desensitisation *does not treat the *‎_ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ _ of the phobia, only the behaviour it results in, which limits its ‎_ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎_‎_ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ _ as a phobia treatment.

What is meant by flooding?

True or False? Flooding places the patient in a calm state or has them practice relaxation techniques.

Flooding may last for: a) weeks or months b) years c) one session of a few hours

The sudden ‎_ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ _ to the phobic stimulus during flooding is designed to ‎_ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ _ the phobic person's fear.

Which one of the following is not an example of flooding? a) getting a koumpounophobe to plunge their hands into a box full of buttons b) getting an arachnaphobe to work up to holding a spider c) taking an acrobphobe to a high building and having them stand on the edge of it

The absence of fear in the face of the phobic stimulus is known as: a) extinction b) extinguishment c) evolution

True or False? Extinction occurs because the patient cannot avoid or escape the phobic stimulus.

True or False? Flooding is an expensive treatment.

Flooding can be traumatic for the patient which means that it lacks ‎_ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ _ validity.

Flooding is less effective with more complex phobias, such as: a) arachnophobia b) social phobia c) acrophobia