learning approaches the behaviourist approach

Which one of the following is not an assumption of the behaviourist approach? a) Inferences can be made about cognitive processes b) Everyone is born as a 'blank slate' c) Only observable behaviour can be measured d) All behaviour is learned from the environment e) Animal research may be used as a basis for understanding human behaviour

True or False? An assumption of the behaviourist approach is that lab-based, scientific methods are the only way that behaviour can be studied.

Classical conditioning is learning via: a) consequences b) association c) reward

True or False? Food is generally a conditioned stimulus

How is a conditioned response achieved in classical conditioning? a) A neutral stimulus is paired with a conditioned stimulus b) An unconditioned stimulus is paired with a conditioned stimulus c) A neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus

After some time the neutral stimulus must be paired with the ‎_ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ _‎_‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ _ stimulus again otherwise ‎_ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ _ will occur.

True or False? Pavlov's experiments with classical conditioning began when he noticed that the dogs in his lab began to salivate after they saw or smelt their food.

In Pavlov's experiment, after repeated pairings of the bell and the food, the dog salivates when it ‎_ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ __ the ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎‎‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ _.

True or False? Behaviourism takes a nomothetic approach, which is a strength, as it seeks to establish general laws of behaviour that can be applied universally to all people.

A limitation of behaviourism is that: a) it is highly deterministic b) it takes the nurture side of the nature-nurture debate c) it relies on qualitative data

A limitation of Pavlov's research is that animal behaviour cannot be: a) studied reliably b) generalised to humans c) ethical

True or False? Classical conditioning can be researched using a testable hypothesis.

Operant conditioning is learning via: a) consequences b) association c) stimulation

Which one of the following is not an assumption of operant conditioning? a) Behaviour will be repeated if the consequence brings a reward b) Behaviour will be repeated to avoid a negative consequence c) Behaviour will not be repeated to avoid a negative consequence d) Behaviour will be repeated in response to a conditioned stimulus

One example of negative reinforcement is: a) riding a roller-coaster again to repeat the excitement of the experience b) completing homework to avoid detention c) pretending to forget homework that was set by the teacher

The consequence of a performed behaviour is known as the ‎_ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ __ _.

Which one of the following is not a type of operant identified by Skinner? a) Punishers b) Neutral operants c) Equalisers d) Reinforcers

True or False? A neutral operant is an environmental force that may either increase or decrease the repetition of a specific behaviour.

A Skinner box contained different stimuli, including a lever that released ‎_ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎‎ ‎ (the rat's reward) and an electroplated floor (the rat's ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ _).

In the negative reinforcement conditioning phase of the Skinner box the rat learned to: a) trigger the lever immediately as soon as they were placed in the box b) leap into the air to avoid the electric shock c) press the lever to release food

Operant conditioning has good application to the maintenance of: a) drug addiction b) phobias c) OCD

A limitation of Skinner's research is that it is overly: a) simplistic b) complicated c) biological